Learning a second language is done one starts from an early age to adulthood. A person can learn a second language by two methods: oral and written methods. Stephen D. Krashen is one of the experts in the field of linguistics that specializes in the theory - the theory of the acquisition of language support and pemgembangan the theory of language acquisition. Krashen is widely known and accepted theory of the in get it in a second language that has a major impact on all areas of second language research.
Stephen Krashen (1984) states that a theory of language acquisition is part of a linguistic Kedia theoretical because it is abstract. Practical teaching a second language is the language pemerolan good theory. Krashen states that second language acquisition consists of five basic hypothesis that acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, the input hypothesis and affective filter hypothesis. At this time the author will pembahasa discusses the monitor hypothesis theory, in which a language learner is likely to have different methods in use or study the second language, there are very concerned in terms of the level of grammar or syntax, there is also a second language learners who ignore grammar so seem more relaxed in the second language in order to communicate well (in conveying the message in a speech).
Second language learners often use monitors theory in second language learning. measure the usefulness of learner performance is measured through the use of the target language, for example (a) learners use the target language error fix (no interference with the language that has been mastered), (b) adaun when making mistakes and typically can be identified accurately as a natural process of acquisition The first language of the child - the child; (c) learners will automatically recognize and correct errors so as to use the proper form so that more careful - careful in speaking and writing skills. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of learner variation in the use of the monitor theory.
Several case studies have been presented by Krashen and Pon (1975) one of which is
P is the English language learners who passed with an A on a course place. In fact, he is a native speaker of Chinese aged 40 years. He began studying English about 20 years old when in America. In the situation of everyday conversation (casual), P produces utterances in English every day with native English speakers (children P). Speech production that occurred in the neighborhood and conversations between friends. Based recording for three weeks, P made a mistake in English as much as eighty.
From the example above case menunujukan that someone has mastered the pattern - the pattern is good and correct grammatical. In using the grammar pattern of a person is fully aware when he applied it through written language. Unlike the case in spoken language, someone who can speak well and write properly yet tetntu can master the spoken language. As in the case above, P is the adult learners in the second language (English). study the second language when he was 20 years old while his son is a native speaker of English. Interact with each other when P made a mistake on the spoken language. This proves that P fails to apply its grammatical patterns in daily conversation - day or spoken language. Such cases often occur among people who learn a second language, especially in adult second language learners. someone who learned a second language with the type as in the example above can be classified into type overuser. Where the second language learners emphasizes the use of syntactic or grammatical is good and right in the skills of speaking. Such learners are usually more likely to lack confidence when speaking because very careful - careful in using the system grammatikalnya. Language learners of this type will be less trusting intuition grammatical or syntactical intuition that he had, so very careful - careful using grammatical system.
Forms of case studies this type of learner overuser caused his level of competence is not measurable. Because learners can only show his ability in the waking state (classroom learning), while outside the classroom, learners tend to start with a first language. Type overuser learners are aware learner grammar grammatical errors not display once the verbal action. In addition, the type of learner overuser also merupa right type of learner-doubt, be very careful with the style of speaking, and more focused on grammar grammatical errors.
The second type of second language learners using a variation of the learner in utilizing theory is ipe monitor user under which a person is more likely to pay attention to in terms of grammatical or syntactical. Second language learners are more likely to relax in applying the use of a second language in conversation or spoken language. In applying the second language or the target language, language learners do not realize his mistake in showing a second language skills. awareness of error in the use of a second language do use by the system feel subconscious rather than logically realized at the level of error in terms of grammatical syntax or second language.
Krashen (1981: 16) mengunkapkan underuser that learners are not aware of the type of target language learning objectives or second language, so they like doing is worth learning - useless. Furthermore, Stafford san Covitt mengunkapkan that the rules - the rules of the target language is considered as merely lip service, though in fact the second-language grammar rules they apply. Krashen adding that as a foreigner who studied the target language in its original state, learners will automatically require the target to follow verbal language. So the more necessary is learning through audio - visual instead emphasizes learning grammatical system. This method is more effective when a person is learning a second language. Type underuser more emphasis on the message of the grammatical aspect.
Based on the above discussion it can be deduced that the monitor theory can assist learners in realizing his mistake in using a second language. There are two types of monitors which include the use of variation theory in second language learners and the type underuser overuser type. Type underuser more effective than overuser type because the type underuser emphasize aspects of spoken language rather than concerned with grammatical aspect. This aspect required by second language learners to make him brave interact using a second language with emphasis on the message rather than grammatical aspect, although important aspects of grammar also studied by second language learners. hypotheses Stephen D. Krashen of the variation in the use of the monitor learner theory already covers what is needed by second language learners.
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