In recent years, national examinations carried out by the government for increasing the quality of education in Indonesia. It has been more than 10 years of national examinations is conducted each year by weighting progressively increased. National test conducted for final year students ranging from elementary school through high school. Many students have been preparing for the national exam clever far - away day by visiting places tutoring - tutoring to bona fide private lessons at home. Not a few schools - schools that hold extra tutoring for the students to assist them in facing the national examinations. Thus if students - graduate students from the school 100%, well name the school will be lifted, but also vice versa, when a school has students who do not pass 100% good name of the school will be in negative light by the public. This makes the school - school frenzy, especially private schools have few students and notabenenya underestimated leh society than public schools. Many schools are racing - race to improve the quality and the quality of one degan school students how to galvanize the final level in order to achieve the target of good graduates. Not infrequently also mengkatrol school test scores and school report cards students - siswinya order to graduate with both.
On the other hand mepersiapkan brilliant student himself for the national exam with a good, on the contrary, students who are less intelligent just playing and being indifferent to the national exam. An irony that occurs when the circulation in the community is a key national exam answers among students. They crowd - bonding buy the answer key level kevaliditasanya although less reliable. The broker is the answer key to the spread of electronic media is using sms chain. Of more concern, some students went to the shaman and smart people to help them in the national exams. There are also cases of children who excel and have the name of the school even has the name of the nation, but he did not pass the national exam. Until eventually students - students who can not survive with depressed due to the national exam chose to end his life by hanging himself or by drinking poison insects. It is ironic in the Indonesian education system even though the government has held a re-examination for students who did not pass, but the psychological burden borne by students is extremely heavy.
Problems - problems that occur in the implementation of the national exam a debate since the advent of the national exam. Many experts who have analyzed the pros and cons and make policy regarding the national exam, but still take the national exam at each him. This paper will discuss whether the national exam policy can be followed or replaced with a new policy to measure and improve the quality of education in Indonesia? By considering the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of a national examination and particularly pay attention to the psychological condition of students - students at the end of high school.
The implementation of the Basic Law of National Examination (UN) is
1. Act No. 20 of 2003 on National Education System, Article 58 paragraph (2): "Evaluation of learners, educational unit, and education programs conducted by independent agencies on a regular basis, a thorough, transparent, and systemic national standards for assessing educational attainment" .
2. Government Regulation no. 19 of 2005 on National Education Standards.
- Article 63 paragraph (1). Assessment of education in primary and secondary education consists of: a. assessment of learning outcomes by the educator, b. assessment of learning outcomes by education unit, and c. assessment of learning outcomes by the Government.
- Article 66 paragraph (1). Assessment of learning outcomes referred to in Article 63 paragraph (1) item c aims to assess the achievement of national competency in a particular subject in a group of subjects of science and technology in the form of national exams.
- Article 66 paragraph (2). National examinations conducted in an objective, fair, and accountable.
- Article 66 paragraph (3). National examinations held at least one time and no more than two times in a school year.
- Article 68. National test results are used as one consideration for: quality mapping program and / or education unit, b. basic selection into the next education level; c. determining the graduation of students from the program and / or education unit, d. guidance and assistance to the education unit in its efforts to improve the quality of education.
- Article 69 paragraph (1): Every track learners formal primary and secondary education and non-formal education equity lines eligible for national examination and are entitled to repeat it all yet graduated from the education unit.
- Article 69 paragraph (2): Each student referred to in paragraph (1) shall attend one national exam at no charge.
- Article 69 paragraph (3): Learners informal education to the national exam after meeting the conditions set by the National Education Standards.
3. Regulation of the Minister of Education No. 75 of 2009 on the National High School Exam / Islamic Junior High School (SMP / MTs), Outstanding Junior High School (SMPLB), High School / Madrasah Aliyah (SMA / MA), Outstanding High School ( SMALB), and Vocational School (SMK) in the Academic Year 2009/2010.
National examinations carried out to improve the quality of education in Indonesia as it appears on the minister peratura no. 39 of 2007, section 2 (a) states the purpose is to encourage the achievement of targets UASBN compulsory quality basic education. Meaning implemented an integrated national exam with test execution atah madrasah schools. UASBN result was a source for: a. mapping satua quality education, b. basic selection into the next education level; c. determining the graduation of students from the education unit, and d. basic guidance and assistance to the education unit in an effort to improve the quality of education (no minister rules. ahun 39 2007, Article 3). The purpose of education was also stated in the Constitution 45 that the government is obliged to educate kehiduupan nation, therefore the government should establish and conduct a national education system that can improve the quality of education, both national and regional levels to the countryside. Uniformly required education for all children - the children of Indonesia. Implementation of the national policy on education is not only oriented to the center of the government alone. Should local governments and schools - schools attributed to formulate policies in the Indonesian education system.
Toisuta stated that chaos maajemen Indonesian education because the government does not have a national education platform, so that there is a policy that is not sustainable 'compensation policy change ministers' jargon that often circulate in the community. Successive policies are not sustainable due to give birth to the policy - the new policy is not mantab (Tilaar, 2005:2). National exam is an annual event the government. Although the national exam has drawn sharp criticism from many quarters but the national exam was continued as before. Controversy about the national examination of the emergence of social rejection initiated in 2003 to increase the pass mark of 3.01 to 4, 01 in 2004, then in 2006 rose to 4.25 in 2008 rose to 5.25 in 2010 rising even again to 5.5 and the additional subjects in the IPA test them for junior high schools. In 2013 the national exam policy is not entirely set by the central government.
Local governments and even the school - the school also took part in the implementation of national examinations. Students passed the final level can not alone - the eye is determined by the national exam but also test grade school and grades 3. Thus, the new policy is not overly burdensome students in national exams. But with this, the level of honesty to be thinned. Many schools ynag mengkatrol school test scores and student grades - siswinya it is intended that the school can pass 100%. Thus will have an impact on the admission of new students who will come and the value or image in the eyes of the public schools.
Passed the national exam should not be used as reason for the origin of the graduation criteria. National examinations should be used only for mapping the quality of education in Indonesia alone. Reality on the ground, not the national exams used to measure the quality of the mapping of national education but as a condition to determine a student's graduation. This is a problem in our education, because despite the passing score is 60% of student learning outcomes and 40% of national exam results but in reality, both teachers and students more UN subjects in priority while non-examination subjects performed normal - normal .
In reality teachers and students regard the national exams that determine student graduation. Although all already know both teachers and students that a student's graduation is determined from the two assessments, the assessment of the school itself and the national exam. This makes education in Indonesia became chaotic. Orientation of the government held a national examination aims to improve education in Indonesia, but in reality it is the perceived setbacks, because the students and teachers and schools do not prepare students actually - sunguh but switch on trust shamans, clerics, to paranormal, even students throng - throng to buy Yag national exam answer key is not necessarily true. Why is the atmosphere it happened? Because teachers and students are psychologically under pressure in a chain from the central government determines graduation grade a student with a specific value, while the provincial government wanted territory in the national test scores can be as high as - height, down to the district and the city, as well as wanting nsional exam results in the region got as high value - high. Down to the head of the district and the city also wants a national test scores as high - high. Down at her school principal wants to pass 100% and a graduate student wants to get good grades, so that this chain of emphasis there using any means or by using the dishonesty, even bright teachers - publicly giving answers to students for graduate school wants 100% and students also can pass 100%.
Of the incident, if we take a conclusion, because education in Indonesia chaotic national exam results are no longer pure dishonesty but rather results from the various parties. Although the national exam has been made with some code about the different - different but still the teacher and students can penetrate in various ways. This is when viewed psychologically, education today has been educating students is not honest, not trying to work hard, let alone the national exams are included in politics. Meaning as - though if successful state-level national examinations, the minister considered successful, so if the national exam received the provincial level as the highest value - if the governor successfully, as well as the district level where national exam when getting high marks as - if the regents or mayors succeed . So is the head of the district and the city, if the high national test scores is considered the head of his service work, and school and students graduating with high marks if the principal considered successful.
Not to mention the concerns in terms of budget. National exam is very high budget. Then potentially corrupt so many proposals from the public, from formal educational institutions and from institutions - institutions that propose another examinations nasinal discontinued. but the government still maintains to keep the national exams conducted even though the law, breaking the law of national examinations in accordance with the Supreme Court decision. But again - again the government ignores the Supreme Court's decision. That is, because it tends national exams used for the project, not to improve education in Indonesia.kalau national test was used for mapping the quality of education in Indonesia, society in general and schools in particular because the atmosphere is not overly weighted in ordinary circumstances - normal, education in Indonesia because it has not been evenly distributed, both provincial, inter-provincial and inter-district and urban and rural, national exams when applied nationally there is injustice regarding infrastructure and teaching staff in schools - each. Let alone between provinces, in the state capital have not been the same pendidikanya. This is made even more chaotic education in Indonesia. This can be seen in the current reality of the educational outcomes of students with a lot of memorization national exams not mastered the lesson. And is perceived by the community significantly, students today have lost a sense of manners, a sense of togetherness mutual cooperation is not owned anymore.
Then love for the homeland and defend State students now many are forgotten. During this time the school was only instill values - values not educate. So the result was a secular graduates now. Indivualistis arise. School is no longer a focus for the community to improve the moral, but the school was converted to a commercial school. Because to get a high national test scores need to habituation - habituation and deepening of the material, thus requiring substantial funds. Finally today many students who drop out of school, can not continue next kejenjang because the cost of education is very high now both kindergarten to college.
That is the reality, then the solution is a national test done for mapping the quality of education of Indonesia, when it is implemented then the government can see, the territory which is not a standard national exams. Within one year the government can fix or school district that has not been the standard from year to year so that the region has not been standardized national exams has narrowed amak government can determine umpteen years of education in Indonesia already meet the standard. If we look at the current national exam to evaluate schools or areas that have not managed to run into trouble. So if completed national exams then finished the problem. Moreover, in 2013, the national exam is very - very messy, the government can not implement nationally. But there are 11 different provinces national exams. It is a history of the worst implementation of national examinations in Indonesia. It is reassuring the public that the national exam is no longer iuntuk interests of the students, however, had political interests, so if I, as minister of education in Indonesia, the national exam is not necessary to remove only we need to improve the system and its goal of national exam only used for mapping the quality of education in Indonesia. Implementation did not have the same school exams. In particular could dlaksanakan nationally. Because of the national exam itself does not affect the success of the students at any national test can be carried out. Which becomes chaotic today is a national exam held in conjunction school exams, as well as the national exams to determine student graduation
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